Tech-Enhanced Coral Reef Restoration: An IoT-Based Monitoring Study on Redang Island, Terengganu

Abstract

Coral reef ecosystems are among the most biologically diverse and economically valuable habitats on Earth, yet they are increasingly threatened by climate change, unsustainable tourism, and anthropogenic stressors. This study presents a comprehensive Coral Rehabilitation and Sustainability Strategy for Pulau Redang, Malaysia, integrating ecological restoration, community engagement, and policy support frameworks. Through a mixed-methods approach involving in situ coral transplantation, long-term reef monitoring, and stakeholder collaboration, the project aims to restore 1250 square meter of degraded coral reef within a one-year implementation period. This research examines the development and implementation of a Tech-Based Monitoring of Coral Farming Restoration System on Redang Island, Terengganu. Utilizing IoT technology and real-time sensor data collection, the system monitors key water parameters—pH, temperature and salinity—crucial for coral health. Through experimental development and field observation, the system demonstrated effectiveness in supporting coral reef restoration efforts. The integration of IoT sensors significantly improved coral growth monitoring, providing a scalable, data-driven approach to marine conservation. Findings from pilot restoration sites demonstrate a 68% post-transplant survival rate for branching Acropora species and 72% for massive Porites species after 12 months. Water quality analysis confirms that nutrient levels and sedimentation rates are within tolerance thresholds for coral recovery. Community engagement through eco-volunteering and local training has contributed to enhanced reef stewardship and social ownership. The proposed strategy establishes a replicable model which using IOT-Based Monitoring for integrated coral rehabilitation combining ecological science, social inclusion, and sustainable marine management. Long-term success will depend on the institutionalization of reef stewardship programs, stable funding streams, and periodic scientific assessment.