Robotic, Automation, and Human Resources in TVET

Abstract

Malaysia’s aspiration to transition from a developing to a developed nation has spurred numerous strategic initiatives aimed at enhancing national productivity, economic resilience, and quality of life. Among these efforts is a strong emphasis on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) to support the country’s evolving industrial landscape, especially in the context of robotics and automation. As foreign direct investment (FDI) contributions to GDP decline, Malaysia is shifting towards a resource-driven industrial growth strategy, exemplified by the New Industrial Master Plan 2030. This paper explores the intersection of robotics, automation, and human resource development within Malaysia’s TVET ecosystem. With the emergence of institutions such as UniMAP, UMPSA, MMU, UNIKL, and the POLYCC network, Malaysia has made notable progress in embedding automation and robotics into the educational curriculum. However, rapid technological advancement has also led to significant shifts in human resource demand, raising complex questions about workforce sustainability, skills adaptation, and the future role of labor. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the reliance on automation across various sectors, underscoring the need to align educational output with industrial needs. This study highlights the importance of enhancing the quality and relevance of TVET to ensure a resilient, skilled workforce capable of navigating technological disruptions, thereby supporting Malaysia’s sustainable development goals. This paper reveals the trends in robotics, automation, and human resources, highlighting the prominent authors and countries that focus on these issues.