Ergonomic Risk Assessment of Backpack Leaf Blower Operation: A Case Study of Outdoor Cleaning Staff in a Malaysian Polytechnic

Abstract

Outdoor cleaning tasks expose workers to ergonomic risks due to repetitive motions, awkward postures, and prolonged equipment handling. Poor working conditions pose significant detriments, leading to physical strain for employees and negative economic repercussions for employers. Despite these concerns, such risks remain understudied in Malaysia, prompting this study to investigate the ergonomic hazards associated with backpack leaf blower operation among cleaning staff at a Malaysia polytechnic. The research aims to assess musculoskeletal discomfort, identify ergonomic risks, and propose interventions to enhance worker safety and comfort. Five workers participated in the study, with data collected using the Ergonomic tools employed included the Body Map Questionnaire to assess discomfort, an Initial Ergonomics Risk Checklist to evaluate postures, repetitive motions, force exertion, and noise exposure, as well as task observations and noise measurements. Results showed that musculoskeletal discomfort was prevalent, with significant discomfort reported in the lower back, shoulders, and neck. The discomfort was linked to awkward postures, repetitive arm movements, and prolonged force exertion while operating 6 kg backpack blowers for extended periods. Noise exposure also exceeded permissible limits, indicating potential hearing risks. These findings highlight a lack of ergonomic research on Malaysia’s outdoor workforce and the need for targeted interventions. The study recommends advanced ergonomic assessments such as the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), along with preventive measures including ergonomically designed equipment, job rotation, and personal protective equipment like ear protection and anti-vibration gloves. The outcomes contribute to improving worker well-being and promoting compliance with occupational safety standards in the outdoor cleaning sector.