Leadership Styles and Challenges in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Institutions

Abstract

In the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) era, leadership has been acknowledged as vital in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions to produce holistic human capital and highly skilled future talent. Therefore, TVET institutions' leaders must become great leaders in order to train and develop future leaders and adapt to new technologies and global challenges. TVET leaders can practice various leadership styles to achieve organisational goals. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the leadership styles and challenges in TVET institutions. 21 research articles from multiple digital sources have been selected for this study to analyse the leadership in TVET. The findings of this study pointed out different leadership styles such as Transformational Leadership, Distributed Leadership, and Innovative Leadership. This paper also highlighted the leadership challenges faced by the TVET leaders in this IR 4.0 era such as change management, disruptive technology, and stakeholder collaboration. These findings are then proposed as a framework for developing TVET leaders’ professional competency in the IR 4.0 era.