Enhancing Hygiene and Minimising Item Loss in Public Restrooms Using Smart Sensor Technology

Abstract

Public restrooms play an essential role in urban infrastructure, but frequently encounter challenges related to hygiene and user behaviour, particularly the unintentional misplacement of personal belongings. Such occurrences can lead to clutter, hygiene concerns, and a reduced quality of user experience. This study presents the development and evaluation of a smart sensor-based prototype designed to detect forgotten personal belongings and alert users before they exit the facility. The system incorporates a designated storage area equipped with real-time object detection sensors and an automated notification mechanism, controlled via an Arduino microcontroller. Although the prototype currently operates locally without internet connectivity, its architecture is designed to support future integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, such as Wi-Fi and GSM modules. Experimental testing conducted in a controlled environment demonstrated an alert accuracy of 85%, with user compliance at 75%, and satisfaction at 80%. These results indicate the effectiveness of the system in enhancing user awareness, reducing clutter, and improving hygiene within public restrooms. The study highlights the potential of smart sensor technologies in improving public facility management and supports future directions, including the implementation of real-time data analytics, remote monitoring, and wider deployment across multiple facilities.